OPERATING SYSTEM
DOS Operating system
Q.1 Explain DOS?
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DOS is a CUI
Operating system.
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Dos was the first widely- installed operating system for
personal computers.
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Earlier the same name has been used for IBM operating system
for a line of business computer.
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DOS was developed by micro Soft Corporation.
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Created by Bill Gates.
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DOS use a prompt for input the command.
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DOS is a line operating
system
Q.2
Advantage of DOS.
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IT will run on a much
smaller system (entire os can be placed on a single modern ROM chip).
·
It gives you more direct
control of the process.
·
Because of smaller size
will boot much faster than any other windows version.
·
It is easier to write
special purpose program for so long as they don’t required fancy graphics.
·
Allow you to make use of
the old slow system you hide in the closet.
·
When you bought a new one
dos is very light weight and it will direct access to most hardware.
Q.
Disadvantage
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Very few program are
available you need to be write program in many case.
·
Not nearly as fancy in the
graphics department.
·
Not compatible with
connect most internet.
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It is a single user
operating system.
·
It is a single tasking
operating system.
·
It doesn’t support
graphics.
·
It doesn’t support
networking.
·
We can only make 2 GB of maximums
partition as it support only FAT16.
·
Even windows XP user some
type of DOS to access the computer during startup.
It doesn’t have the over
head of multitasking operating system.
Q. What is a DOS prompt.
·
A command prompt is used
in a text based or command live interface.
·
It will work on CUI.
·
User always needs to
remember command on working on it.
·
It is based on single
user.
Q. Advantage of DOS prompts?
·
It will work faster than
GUI.
·
You can do many things
which never work on GUI operating system.
·
It will help you to hack a
personal computer.
Q. What are Internal and External
commands?
·
Internal command?
It doesn’t
required any specific external file to execute the command because these
command are automatic loaded into the memory when Operating system is loaded
into the memory thus these are called memory resident command. The commands
available are all combined together and are stored in command.com file which is
executable command file. These internal command are further
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General purpose command
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File related command
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Directory related command
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1.
CLS
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7. COPY CON
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12.
MD
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2.
DIR
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8.
TYPE
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13.
CD
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3.
VER
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9.
COPY
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14.
RD
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4.
VOL
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10.
REN
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5.
DATE
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11.
DEL
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6.
TIME
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External
command.
External command is known as disk residence commands because they can be
stored with DOS directory or disk, which is used for getting these commands.
These commands help to perform some specific task these are stored in secondary
storage device.
Some
important external are as follow-:
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1. MORE
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6. FC
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11. ATTRIB
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2. MEM
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7. CHKDSK
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12. LABEL
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3. SYS
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8. SORT
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13. DOSKEY
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4. XCOPY
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9. FIND
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14.FORMAT
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5. MOVE
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10,DISK COPY
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Q. Explain
all internal command?
1)
CLS-
this command is used to clear the screen.
C:\> cls enter.
2)
DIR
(directory) used to list file and directories present in the current disk.
C:\>dir enter.
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C:\>dir/p
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Page wise.
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C:\>dir/w
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Width wise
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C:\>dir/s
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List all file
and directories of sub directories.
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C:\>dir/ah
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Display
directory with hidden file.
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C:\>dir/as
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Display
directory with system file.
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C:\>dir/ad
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Display only
directory present on current drive.
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C:\>dir/l
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Lower case
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C:\>dir/b
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Without date
and time.
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3)
Ver(version)
show the dos version. C:\>ver enter.
4)
Vol(volume)
display the disk volume label and serial number if exist. C:\>vol enter.
5)
Date
display the current date C:\>date.
6)
Time
used to display the current time. C:\>time.
7)
Copy
con- uses to create a new text file. C:\>copy con enter to save Ctrl + Z.
Ctrl + C exit without save.
8)
Type-
Show content or text of any file . C:\>dir/type gulab.txt
9)
Copy-
used to copy any file to another location or to copy the file to another
directories or disk. C:\> copy <
source file name> <target file name>.
10.
Ren (rename)- used to change the name of any
file or directory. C:\>ren <source file name > <target file
name>.
11.
Del
(delete)- used for erasing any file from the disk. C:\>delete <file
name>/
12.
MD-
make directory – used to create a new directory. C:\>md <directory
name>
13.
CD-
(change directory)- used to change the directory. C:\>cd..
14.
RD-
(remove directory)- used to remove the directory. C:\>rd <dir name>.
15.
Path-
used for display or sets directories for executable file. . C:\> path.
16.
Wild
card commands – used when we are working with multiple file at a time. These
command uses (?) and (*).
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? represent one
character
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* Represent many character
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?. ???
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*.*
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??.???
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R*.*
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???.???
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R*.c*
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????.???
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R??m*r?e
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.??
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*.exc
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?????.?
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*.ch
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Q. Explain
all external command?
1.
more-
using type command we can see the content of any file but if length of file is
greater than 25 lines then remaining lines will scroll up. To overcome through
this problem we use more command we can pause the display after each 25 lines.
Example
c:\>type yusuf.txt more .. (-)
2.
mem-
display free and used amount of memory in pc. Example c:\> mem (+).
3.
sys-
used to copy system file to any disk. This can copy three main system file i.e
command.com io.sys msdos.sys. Example
c:\>sys A:. (+).
4.
xcopy-
used to copy directory in place of file from one location to another. Faster
than copy command. Example c:\>xcopy <source directory> <target
directory>. (-).
5.
move-
used for moving one or multiple file from one location to another location or
form one disk to another. Syntax
c:\>move<file name><path name>. (+).
6.
fc
(file compare) used for comparing two files and display between two files.
Syntax c:\> fc<first set of line><second set of line>.(-)
7.
chkdsk
(check disk) used to check the status of disk and show the satatus.
c:\>chkdsk (-).
8.
Scandisk
– same as chkdsk but it also detect the errors and fix them. Syntax c:\>
scandisk. (+)
9.
sort- used to sort the file . syntax
c:\>sort<file name>. (-) .
10.
find-
used to search a file for a text string. Syntax c:\>find”office” yusuf.txt.(-).
11.
Diskcopy
– used to copy the content of floppy to other . syntax c:\>diskcopy A:
B:.(-).
12.
Attrib-
used to set the selected type of file. Like a- for achieve. H- for hidden etc.
syntax c:\>attrib [+/- r] [+/-a] [+/- h] [+/-s]<file name>. (-).
13.
Label-
used to change the volume label of disk. c:\>label. (-).
14.
Doskey-
after run doskey dos will remember your inserted command. With up down arrow
key. Syntax c:\> doskey.
15.
Format-
used to format the disk and create new commands and sectors in a disk. Syntax
c:\>format A:. (-).
16.
Tree-
used to display the directory and subdirectory in a branch/tree format. Syntax
c:\> tree. c:\> tree AA. (-).
17.
Deltree-
used to delete the directory and all sub directory. Syntax c:\>deltree AA.(+)
